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Airborne Trailblazer

Source Notes Chapter 7:
Improving Aircraft Operations

  1. LFM was not the same thing as a "slot time," which assigned each inbound aircraft a specific, reserved arrival time. LFM matched the number of arrivals with the actual, real-time capabilities of the airport. This number often differed from the slot time reservations, due to delays or poor weather conditions.
  2. Charles E. Knox, interviews with author, Hampton, Virginia, 7 April 1993 and 7 May 1993; Charles E. Knox, "Denver Local Flow Management Flight Tests," summary with viewgraph, 11 October 1979 (from ATOPS office files); John P. Reeder, "Participation in Flight Tests at Denver Stapleton Airport," memo with attachments, to distribution, 20 August 1979 (from ATOPS office files).
  4. "Comments From Onboard Observers, TCV Denver Time-Based Metering/Local Flow Management Flight Tests, June 19 through June 28, 1979," typed summary, (from ATOPS office files); Ralph Kiss, Chief, Denver ARTC, "NASA TCV Flight Tests With Denver ARTC," with additional comments on NASA/Denver ARTCC Time-Based Metering and Agenda Item Responses, undated typed report (from ATOPS office files).
  5. Knox, interview, 13 May 1993; John Whitfield, Lockheed L-1011 program manager and Don Moore, Lockheed L-1011 chief pilot, phone interview with author, 15 June 1993; Boeing Commercial Airplane Company press materials on aircraft production, flight and delivery dates.
  6. Charles E. Knox, "Flight Planning For Time-Constrained/Fuel Efficient Descents," typed summary report of research experiments, 9 September 1981 (from ATOPS office files); Charles E. Knox, "Planning Fuel-Conservative Descents With or Without Time Constraints Using a Small Programmable Calculator," NASA TP-2085, February 1983; C.E. Knox, D.D. Vicroy and D.A. Simmon, "Planning Fuel-Conservative Descents in an Airline Environment Using a Small Programmable Calculator," NASA TP-2393, May 1985; Knox, interview, 13 May 1993.
  7. Knox, interview, 7 May 1993.
  8. "767 FMCS -- Initial 4D Guidance Alternatives," 767 Study Engineering Work Authorization, SEWA No. 39, undated, referencing United Airlines Letter, J. Goodwine to F. Copes Van Hesselt, "B-767 Flight Management System -- 4-D Nav," 6 July 1979 and United Airlines, "4-D Navigation Capability," CRWS No. 34-189; Knox, interview, 13 May 1993; David Allen, Boeing Commercial Airplane Company, Everett Division, phone interview with author, 2 August 1993.
  9. Allen, interview, 2 August 1993.
  10. Heinz Erzberger, Thomas J. Davis, Steven Green, "Design of Center-Tracon Automation System," (paper, presented at the AGARD Guidance and Control Symposium on Machine Intelligence in Air Traffic Management, 11-14 May 1993, Berlin, Germany.
  11. "CTAS/TSRV Trajectory Prediction Flight Experiment," Plan of Test No. V92135, 2 October 1992 (from David H. Williams office files); David H. Williams, phone interview with author, 4 August 1993.
  12. John Garren and John P. Reeder, "Cockpit Display of Traffic Information (CDTI), A Perspective," memo, undated (from ATOPS office files).
  13. D. H. Ewing and R. W. K. Smith, "Teleran-Air Navigation and Traffic Control by Means of Television and Radar," RCA Review, Vol VII, No. 4, December 1946, 601-621.
  14. Mark E. Connelly, "Simulation Studies of Airborne Traffic Situation Display Applications, Final Report," Report ESL-R-751, May 1977.
  15. Terence S. Abbott, et al., "Early Flight Test Experience With Cockpit Displayed Traffic Information," NASA TM-80221, February 1980; Terence S. Abbott, et al., "Flight Investigation of Cockpit-Displayed Traffic Information Utilizing Coded Symbology in an Advanced Operational Environment," NASA TP-1684, 1980; Knox, interview, 13 May 1993; David H. Williams, phone interview with author, 16 August 1993.
  16. David H. Williams, phone interviews with author, 4 August 1993 and 16 August 1993.
  17. Charles E. Knox and Charles H. Scanlon, "Flight Tests Using Data Link for Air Traffic Control and Weather Information Exchange," SAE Paper 901888, SAE 1990 Transactions, Section 1, Vol. 99, Part 2, 1683.
  18. Knox, interview, 7 May 1993.
  19. Charles E. Knox and Charles H. Scanlon, "Flight Tests With a Data Link Used for Air Traffic Control Information Exchange," NASA TP-3135, September 1991, 1; David A Hinton and Gary W. Lohr, "Simulator Investigation of Digital Data-Link ATC Communications in a Single-Pilot Operation," NASA TP-2837, December 1988; Knox, interview, 7 May 1993.
  20. Philip J. Klass, "Predeparture Clearance to Be Sent Via Data Link at Major Airports," Aviation Week & Space Technology, 25 June 1990, 43.
  21. Knox and Scanlon, "Flight Tests Using Data Link," 1684; Marvin C. Waller and Gary W. Lohr, "A Piloted Simulation Study of Data Link ATC Message Exchange," NASA TP-2859, February 1989; Knox, interview, 7 May 1993.
  22. Knox and Scanlon, "Flight Tests Using Data Link," 1683-1684.
  23. Knox and Scanlon, "Flight Tests With a Data Link;" Knox and Scanlon, "Flight Tests Using Data Link;" Knox, interviews, 7 April 1993, 7 May 1993; Edward H. Phillips, "Langley Data Link System Provides ATC Communications, Weather Depiction," Aviation Week & Space Technology, 6 January 1992, 52-53.
  24. Knox, interview 7 May 1993; TSRV 737 flight log records from ATOPS office files.
  25. Knox and Scanlon, "Flight Tests Using Data Link," 1692.
  26. Knox, interview, 13 May 1993; Allen, interview, 2 August 1993.
  27. David H. Williams and Steven M. Green, "Piloted Simulation of an Air-Ground Profile Negotiation Process in a Time-Based Air Traffic Control Environment," NASA TM-107748; Williams, interview, 4 August 1993.
  28. Hugh McLaurin, Federal Aviation Administration, phone interview with author, 2 August 1993. Note: a transponder is a transmitter in an airplane that sends out a coded signal to air traffic controllers to help them locate the position of aircraft on their radar scopes. Mode "A" transponders report only a selectable numerical code and the lateral position of the airplane, while Mode "C" transponders report altitude, as well. Mode "S" transponders send out a discrete code that applies only to that particular aircraft and always remains the same.
  29. Knox, interview, 7 May 1993.
  30. Allen, interview, 2 August 1993; Barbara Murphy, Boeing Commercial Airplane Company, Everett Division, phone interview with author, 10 August 1993.
  31. Kenneth E. Hodge, "Aircraft Developments that Hold Promise for Increased Compatibility with an Advanced ATC System," Proceedings, Air Traffic Control Association, 22nd Annual Meeting, Law Vegas, Nevada, 10-13 October 1977, 185.
  32. Anthony A. Lambregts, Boeing Commercial Airplane Company, interview with author, Seattle, Washington, 26 April 1993.
  33. Anthony A. Lambregts and Jeremiah F. Creedon, "Development and Flight Evaluation of Automatic Flare Laws with Improved Touchdown Dispersion," AIAA Paper 80-1757, (printed in collection of papers from the AIAA Guidance and Control Conference, Danvers, Massachusetts, 11-13 August 1980); Lambregts, interview, 26 April 1993; Jeremiah F. Creedon, interview with author, Hampton, Virginia, 7 May 1993.
  34. Lambregts, interview, 26 April 1993; Dwight Schaeffer, Boeing Commercial Airplane Company, phone interview with author, 2 August 1993.
  35. Dr. Jeremiah Creedon, interview with author, Hampton, Virginia, 7 May 1993.
  36. W. Thomas Bundick, David B. Middleton, and William L. Poole, "Results of Aircraft Open-Loop Tests of an Experimental Magnetic Leader Cable System for Guidance During Roll-Out and Turnoff," NASA TM-4135, February 1990, 2; A.F. Hammond, "Guidance and Control of Aircraft Ground Movement at Airports During Restricted Visibility -- A survey of Requirements and Possible Systems," Technical Report No. 65071, British Royal Aircraft Establishment, March 1965; H.C. Morgan and P. England, "A Taxi-Guidance System for Aircraft Using a Single Magnetic Leader Cable," Technical Report No. 66065, British Royal Aircraft Establishment, February 1966.
  37. S. Pines and Richard M. Hueschen, "Guidance and Navigation for Automatic Landing, Rollout, and Turnoff Using MLS and Magnetic Cable Sensors," Contractor Report under Contract No. NAS1-14311, catalog no. 78-1296, 1978.
  38. Bundick, Middleton and Poole, "Results of Aircraft Open-Loop Tests;" W. Thomas Bundick, phone interview with author, 19 August 1993.
  39. David B. Middleton, phone interview with author, 18 August 1993.

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