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Airborne Trailblazer

Source Notes Chapter 2:
Addressing the New Challenges of Air Transportation: The TCV/ATOPS Program

  1. Oran Nicks, phone interview with author, Hampton, Virginia, 5 May 1993.
  2. Senate Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences, Aeronautical Research and Development Policy Report, 90th Congress, 2nd sess., 1968, S. Rept. 957.
  3. Barry Graves, phone interview with author, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 20 April 1993; Thomas M. Walsh, interview with author, Hampton, Virginia, 6 April 1993; Robert Taylor, interview with author, Hampton, Virginia, 7 April 1993; Seymour Salmirs, personal notes, 1969-1974 and phone interview with author, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 20 April 1993; Samuel A. Morello, interview with author, Hampton, Virginia, 8 April 1993; Jack Reeder, personal files, 1969-1971.
  4. Department of Transportation and National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Civil Aviation Research and Development Policy Study, DOT TST-10-4, NASA SP-265, (Washington, D.C., March, 1971), 2-3 - 2-6.
  5. Roland L. Bowles, interview with author, Hampton, Virginia, 5 April 1993.
  6. Civil Aviation Research and Development Policy Study, 2-4 - 2-6.
  7. Thomas M. Walsh, interview, 6 April 1993; Seymour Salmirs, presentation materials for briefing to NASA Associate Administrator Lovelace, 1974; Heinz Erzberger, phone interview with author, Hampton, Virginia, 5 May, 1993.
  8. Jack Reeder, Proposal for Systems Research Approach to Integrating Vehicle-Instrument-Display-Pilot Capability for Total Flight Missions, draft, 1969, annotated with additionalpersonal notes, 1971; Oran Nicks, interview, 5 May 1993; Thomas M. Walsh, interview, 6 April 1993; Robert Taylor, interview, 7 April 1993; Draft RTOP 133-61-, Advanced Operating Systems for Conventional Takeoff and Landing Aircraft, prepared by Jack Reeder and Bob Taylor January 14-24, 1972, and annotated with personal notes by Jack Reeder.
  9. NASA Langley Research Center, Terminal Configured Vehicle Program Plan, (Hamton, VA, December 1, 1973), 2.
  10. Ibid, 4-24.
  11. Langley Research Center Central Correspondence Files, Ed Cortright memo to NASA Headquarters requesting permission for sole source procurement of the Boeing 737-100, 16 October 1972; Jack Reeder presentation notes, Reasons for 737 Choice, 12 July 1972.
  12. Bernard Hainline, retired, Boeing Commercial Airplane Company, interview with author, Seattle, Washington, 26 April 1993; H.W. Withington and Robert Dunn, retired, Boeing Commercial Airplane Company, interview with author, Seattle Washington, 27 April 1993; Richard A. Peal, Boeing Commercial Airplane Company, interview with author, Seattle, Washington, 28 April 1993.
  13. Richard A. Peal, interview, 28 April 1993; Samuel A. Morello, interview, 8 April 1993; David C.E. Holmes and Wesley C. Easley, interview with author, Hampton, Virginia, 9 April 1993; Memorandum to Research Aircraft Flight Division files from Seymour Salmirs, Aero-Space Technologist, Flight Programs Branch, RAFD, 13 July 1972, summarizing visit to Boeing Company in Seattle, Washington, to take first look at the company's prototype 737, PA- 099.
  14. Numerous books have been published about the United States SST program controversy. For example, see: Mel Horwitch, Clipped Wings: The American SST Conflict, (Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1982).
  15. "Supersonic Transport Advanced Electronic Display Proposal," summary of program objectives and criteria, with trip report (dated 20 September 1971) by Seymour Salmirs, Aero- Space Technologist, Flight Programs Branch, Research Aircraft Flight Division to Director for Aeronautics, summarizing 14 September 1971 meeting at Boeing Company for review of the program (from private files of S. Salmirs); Bernard Hainline, viewgraph of NASA TCV Program Evolution, personal work notes collection and interview with author, Seattle, WA, 26 April 1993; H.W. Withington and Robert Dunn, interview, 27 April 1993; Year By Year: 75 Years of Boeing History 1916-1991, Boeing Historical Archives, (Seattle, Washington, November 1991), 101-113; Agenda, "DOT/SST Phase II Technology Follow-On Advanced Electronic Display System )ADEDS) -- Task VI, Inter-Agency Council Review," The Boeing Company, Seattle, Washington, 27-28 September 1972; Attendance Lists, "DOT/SST Follow-On Technology -- Phase II, Inter-Agency Council Review No. 2," 21-22 March 1973, "Inter-Agency Council Review, Flight Control Development," 11 September 1973 and "Inter-Agency Council Review, Advanced Electronic Displays System (ADEDS) -- Task VI," 12 September 1973 (from private files of S. Salmirs).
  16. Seymour Salmirs job order, under Research and Technology Resume No. 133-, All-Weather Airborne Systems Study, 1 October 1971.
  17. Siegbert Poritsky, interview with author, Washington, D.C., 13 April 1993; Thomas M. Walsh, interview with author, Hampton, Virginia, 6 April 1993; Jeremiah F. Creedon, interview with author, Hampton, Virginia, 5 April 1993; Samuel A. Morello, interview, 8 April 1993; William E. Howell, interview with author, Hampton, Virginia, 6 April 1993.
  18. Agreement Between the Federal Aviation Administration and National Aeronautics and Space Administration Concerning Cooperation to Achieve Improved Terminal Area Operations, 3 May, 1973.
  19. D. H. Cosley and R.A. Peal, "Advanced Electronic Display System (ADEDS) Flight Test Report, Vol III -- Flight Test Results," FAA-SS-22-3, technical report, July 1974.
  20. Richard A. Peal, interview, 28 April 1993; Richard A. Peal, personal notes; TSRV 737 flight records, from ATOPS office files. Note: The Boeing 737 airplane purchased by NASA was actually referred to by several different names. It was called the Research Support Flight System (RSFS), the Terminal Configured Vehicle (TCV), and the Transport Systems Research Vehicle (TSRV). Since the TSRV label outlasted the other two, the airplane is referred to by that title throughout the book to help avoid confusion.
  21. During the TCV program research, the primary flight display was usually referred to as the Electronic Attitude Directional Indicator (EADI) and the map display was called the Electronic Horizontal Situation Indicator (EHSI), but these terms are no longer used. The accepted terms for these displays are now the Primary Flight Display and the Map, or Navigation, display.
  22. David C.E. Holmes and Wesley C. Easley, interview, 9 April 1993; TSRV flight logs, (from ATOPS office files).
  23. Seymour Salmirs and Harold N. Tobie, "Electronic Displays and Digital Automatic Control in Advanced Terminal Area Operations," AIAA Paper No. 74-27, presented at the AIAA 12th Aerospace Sciences Meeting, Washington, D.C., January 30-February 1, 1974.; Samuel A. Morello, et al, "Flight-Test handling Qualities Documentation of the Research Support Flight System," NASA-TM-X-72618, October 1974.
  24. Jeremiah F. Creedon, interview with author, Hampton, Virginia, 7 May 1993.
  25. David C.E. Holmes and Wesley C. Easley, interview , 9 April 1993; Roland L. Bowles, interview, 5 April 1993.
  26. The organizational structure of the Langley Research Center was essentially a vertical one. Under the director of the center were half a dozen or so "Directorates" (the number varied slightly over the years). The next level beneath a Directorate was a Division. The next step down from a division was a branch, and underneath that was a section.
  27. Langley Research Center Announcement No. 54-73, "Establishment of Terminal Configured Vehicles Program Office," (from ATOPS office files).
  28. James R. Hansen, Engineer in Charge: A History of the Langley Aeronautical Laboratory, 1917-1958, (Washington, D.C.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1987), 24-32, 58.
  29. Barry Graves, interview, 20 April 1993; Jeremiah F. Creedon, interviews, 5 April 1993 and 4 May 1993; William E. Howell, interview, 6 April 1993; Samuel A. Morello, interview, 8 April 1993; William F. White, interview with author, Washington, D.C. 13 April 1993.
  30. Jeremiah F. Creedon, interview, 4 May 1993.
  31. Attendance list, "Terminal Configured Vehicle Flight Experiments Working Group (FEWG) meeting," 18 July 1973 (from personal files of S. Salmirs); Organizational chart listing committee attached with Langley Research Center Announcement to all organizational units from Edgar M. Cortright, Langley Research Center director, Assignments for Terminal Configured Vehicle Program, 11 April 1973 (from ATOPS office files).
  32. John Warner, Boeing Commercial Airplane Company, interview with author, Seattle, Washington, 27 April 1993; Delmar M. Fadden, Boeing Commercial Airplane Company, interview with author, Seattle, Washington, 27 April 1993; Richard A. Peal, interview, 28 April, 1993; Anthony A. Lambregts, Boeing Commercial Airplane Company, interview with author, Seattle, Washington, 26 April 1993; H.W. Withington and Robert Dunn, interview, 27 April 1993.
  33. Jeremiah F. Creedon, interviews, 5 May 1993 and 7 May 1993; Langley Research Center organizational charts; Langley Research Center Announcement, Assignments for Terminal Configured Vehicle Program, 11 April 1973; Walsh, interview, 6 April 1993; John Warner, interview, 27 April 1993; Samuel A. Morello, interview, 8 April 1993.
  34. William D. Mace, phone interview with author, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 19 May 1993; Jeremiah F. Creedon, interview, 5 April 1993; TSRV 737 flight logs (from ATOPS program office files).
  35. Jeremiah F. Creedon, interviews, 5 April 1993, 5 May 1993 and 7 May 1993; Langley Research Center, Terminal Area Productivity Level III Plan, May 1993.

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